Part#9 Nominal Sentence "Jumlatun Ismiatu"

Sentence (Jumlatun) : Group of words which collectively make a complete sense.
Phrase (Shibu Jumlati) : Group of words which doesnot make a complete sense.

In Arabic there are two types of Sentences:
1. The Nominal Sentence (Al-Jumlatu Ismiatu)
2. The Verbal Sentence (Al-Jumlatu Failu)

Lets Start with "AL-JUMLATU-ISMIATU" (THE NOMINAL SENTENCE):
*It consist of two parts
1. Mubtada (Subject : Noun)
2. Khabar (Predicate: Detail about Noun)

EXPLAINATION:
In English for common sentences we say like:
- The house is beautiful.
- The car is new.
- The boy is intelligent.
- Ahmad is a student.
- Aminah is a teacher.

Note (Subjects):
The house, The car, The boy, Ahmad, Aminah : All are definite.

Note (Predicate):
Since 'beautiful', 'new', 'intelligent' these are adjective so we dont need to add 'a' before them. But 'a student', 'a teacher' : Means these are Indefinite.

CONCLUSION:

RULE#1 For Nominal Sentences:
MUBTADA (Subject) will be DEFINITE most of the time. And KHABAR (Predicate) will be INDEFINITE most of the time.

RULE#2 For Nominal Sentences:
MUBTADA will always be MARFU. And KHABAR will always be MARFU

KEYS:
*MARFU : A word ends with Damma (Single or Tanween)
*Single Vowel Sign: For Definite
*Tanween: For Indefinite.
*Proper Nouns are always DEFINITE no matter ends with single vowel sign or tanween.
*Demonstrative Pronouns (Ismul-Isharati) are always DEFINITE.

LETS EXAMINE FEW EXAMPLES FROM IMAGE2:

1. AHMADUN TALIBUN : Ahmad is a student.
2. HA'ZA BAITUN: This is a house.
4. AL-MUDARISU WAQIFUN : The teacher is standing.
6. AL-MASJIDU QAREEBUN : The mosque is near.



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Part#8 Alif and Alif as Hamza

Hamza (In Shape of Alif)
- It must produce sound of 'Aa , Oo, Ee' depending upon the vowel sign it contains, unless its not used as Hamza-tul-Wasl.
- It contains neck of AIN (not necessarily always)


Observe "Hamza" with Green Underlines in Image (Aayat from Surah AL-Baqrah)

Alif (Having No sound)
- It is very commonly use in Quran, you can observe it at many places, where it is used to follow the Syntax/Spelling Rule of the Arabic Language.

Observe "Alif" with Red Underlines in Image (Aayat from Surah AL-Baqrah)

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Note: Click on Image to View it Properly.



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Part#7 ISM-UL-ISHARA ( Demonstrative Pronouns)

'ISM-UL-ISHARA' are demonstrative pronouns, used to point something particular.

ISM-UL-ISHARA are of two types in both Maculine or Feminine:
MUZAKAR (Masculine)
1. Ha'Za (This) : For pointing something nearer
2. Za'Lika (That) : For pointing something far-away.

MO'ANAS (Feminine)
1. Haa'Zihi (This) : For pointing something nearer
2. Til'ka (That) : For pointing something far-away.

Examples (See in Image)
1. Ha'za (This) Baitun (a house) => Translation in English : This is a house.
2. Za'Lika (That) Baitun (a house)=> Translation in English: That is a house.
3. Haa'Zihi (This) Sayaratun (a car) => Translation in English : This is a car.
4. Za'Lika (That) Sayaratun (a car)=> Translation in English: That is a car.

Note:
'is', 'am' and 'are' are Copula (Linking) words, they link one noun with another noun or link a subject with a noun. IN ARABIC, they are not needeed.

Other Examples:
Ha'za Qalamun : This is a Pen
Ha'za Masjidun : This is a Mosque
Ha'za Baabun : This is a Door
Za'Lika Kitabun : That is a Book
Za'Lika Miftahun : That is a Key
Za'Lika Maktabun : That is a Desk (Writing Table)


Haa'Zihi Jamiatun : This is a University
Haa'Zihi Daja'jatun : This is a Chicken.
Til'Ka Baqratun : That is a Cow.
Til'Ka Bat'tatun : That is a Duck


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Part#6 Kinds of Hamza

There are two kinds of Hamza(In the Shape of ALIF):
1. Hamza-tul-Wasl
2. Hamza-tu-Qatah

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HAMZA-TUL-WASL
**************
1. Neck of AIN is not necessary on Hamza but still it produces its sound.
2. When a letter WAO (as ATAF 'and') added in front of a word starting with hamza-tul-wasl, sound of hamza get hidden.

Examples: (See Image)
AL-KITABU (The Book) : Aa sound at the start of the word represents Hamza-tul-Wasl; now add WAO (as ATAF 'and')
WAL-KITABU (And the Book) : Now starting sound is of Waa (thats of WAO), then it attaches to sound of 'Laam' becomes "WAL" means there will be no sound of Hamza-tul-Wasl.

Similarly:
AL-QALAMU (The Pen) ==> WAL-QALAMU (And the Pen)

Note:
In "AL-KITABU" (HAMZA with Neck of Ain and single Fatah 'Not Necessarily shown', LAAM with Sukoon 'Not necessarily shown)

In "AL-QALAMU" (HAMZA with Neck of Ain and single Fatah 'Not Necessarily shown', LAAM with Sukoon 'Not necessarily shown)


***************
HAMZA-TUL-QATAH
***************
1. Neck of AIN is necessary on Hamza and it also produces its sound.
2. When a letter WAO (as ATAF) added in front of a word starting with hamza-tul-Qatah, sound of hamza still there.

Examples: (See Image)
AKBAR : Aa sound at the start of the word represents Hamza-tul-Qatah; now add WAO (as ATAF)
Wa-AKBAR (And AKBAR) : Now starting sound is of Waa (thats of WAO), then AKBAR means Hamza-tul-Qatah sound is still there in pronouncing AKBAR (Aa'KBAR).

Similarly:
AHMAD ==> Wa-AHMAD (And Ahmad)


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Part#5 Sun And Moon Letters

Arabic Language has 28 letters with ALIF as Hazma (Sounds Aaa), and the 29th one is ALIF having no sound.

The 28 Letters (Consonants) are categorized as Sun and Moon Letters

Sun Letters known as "Huruf-Al-Shamsia" (Pronounciation: Huruf-As-Shamsia)
Moon Letters know as "Huruf-Al-Qamaria" (Pronounciation: Huruf-Al-Qamaria)

Sun Letters:
If any word starting with the Sun Letter is attached to "AL", then sound of 'Laam in AL' will not be pronounced.

Examples:
NAJMUN (A Star) => AL-NAJMU (The Star) : Pronounced as "AN-NAJMU".
TAJIRUN (A Merchant) => AL-TAJIRU (The Merchant) : Pronounced as "AT-TAJIRU"

Moon Letters:
If any word starting with the Moon Letter is attached to "AL", then sound of 'Laam in AL' will be pronounced.

Examples:
KITABUN (A Book) => AL-KITABU (The Book) : Pronounced as "AL-KITABU"
BAABUN (A Door) => AL-BAABU (The Door) : Pronounced as "AL-BAABU"

Analyze:
AL-SALAT (PRONOUNCED: AS-SALAT) => The Prayer
AL-QURAN (PRONOUNCED: AL-QURAN) => The Holy Book of Muslims

Sun Letters: (Underlined in the Image)
Taa, Saa, Daal, Zaal, Raa, Zaa, Seen, Sheen, Suwad, Duwad, Toyein, Zoyein, Laam, Noon.

Moon Letters:
Aa, Baa, Jeem, Haa, Khaa, Ain, Ghain, Faa, Qaaf, Kaaf, Meem, Wao, Ha, Ya


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Part#4 Noun In Three Cases

In Arabic noun appears in three cases:

1. Nominative Case known as "Marfu"

- If noun ends with Damma (Single or Tanween)

2. Objective/Accusitive Case known as "Mansoob"

- If noun ends with Fatah (Single or Tanween)

3. Genetive Case known as "Majrur"

- If noun ends with Qasra (Single or Tanween)

** In Arabic noun declines in all three cases, which tells the function/behaviour of noun in the sentence that either it is a Subject, Object, Subject of verb, Preposition etc.

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Part#3 Definite/Indefinite Nouns

Indefinite Nouns contain Tanween (Double Vowel Sign) on their endings.

An indefinite nouns become DEFINITE with the addition of 'Al' (Hamza in shape of Alif + Laam with sukoon on it) in the start of the word and with single vowel sign on their ending.

See Image for few examples.

**Note: Proper nouns are always Definite.

* Sukoon: A small circle sign you can see on 'Laam' in definite noun examples.

*You may also find Sukoon sign as "mirror view of very small 'c' " in some versions of Quran.

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